[Back to Lesson 9]
Select a Root:
 
(root)
Notes
  • root final [i] or [u] is lengthened:
         ji -> jīyate; stu -> stūyate
  • root final [ā] usually becomes [ī]:
         dā -> dīyate
         (note): jñā -> jñāyate
  • root final [ṛ] becomes [ri]:
         kṛ -> kriyate
    unless it follows a conjunct, in which case it guṇates:
         smṛ -> smaryate
  • some roots beginning with [va] or [ya] undergo semivowel reduction
    (samprasāraṇa) [va -> u; ya -> i]
         vac -> ucyate; vas -> uṣyate; yaj -> ijyate
↓
 
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य
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ते एते अन्ते
से एथे ध्वे
ए आवहे आमहे
(root) (कर्मणि marker) (endings)
एक°
(singular)
द्वि°
(dual)
बहु°
(plural)
प्रथम°
(3rd person)
मध्यम°
(2nd person)
उत्तम°
(1st person)
Transliterate देवनागरी ⇔ IAST